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Nov 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-21-4004
K. Ceesay EbrimaCorresponding author
University of Gambia, Banjul, Gambia.
Economic statistics concerning the quinquennial features of Agriculture employment (A), net Migration (M), Donor aid (D) and Personal remittances (P), available for over forty years from five West African countries have here been related to the GDP (G). The overall results of a multilinear regression (R2 0.84) have confirmed that the GD ratio, which is an index of aid efficiency, is significantly and positively driven by the PD ratio (high P and low D - favorable) and the PA ratio (high P and low A - favorable), but negatively driven by the PG ratio ( a higher D efficiency is obtained for constant G and lower P). A higher migration flux corresponds to a non-significant rise in the GD ratio. The five countries are clustered, by means of a principal component analysis, into three types. Partial least square regressions fitted to the GD ratio within each cluster provide a long-term polydromic function that highlights certain particular cluster features: reactive to forcing factors, such as Donor diminutions (SEN), active, as driven by Personal remittance (MLI), and mostly entropic for GMB, GNB and MRT. The learnt from the database is that Donor variations may follow different evolutions of the GD ratio in the three clusters.
Mar 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3765
A. Weber SimonCorresponding author
Cellogic GmbH, Niedstrasse 21, 12159 Berlin, Germany
Acute post-operative delirium (POD) and long-term post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are frequent and associated with increased mortality, dependency on care giving and institutionalization rates. The POCD-related cost burden on the German long-term care insurance provides an indication for the savings potential from risk-adapted treatment schemes. Comprehensive estimates have not been assessed or published so far. A model-based cost-analysis was designed to estimate POCD-related costs in the long-term care insurance. Comprehensive analysis of inpatient operations and procedures (OPS-codes) served as the base for case number calculations, which were then used as input to the actual cost model. POCD-incidence rates were obtained from the BioCog study. Various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess uncertainty of the model results. Total POCD related annual costs in the German long-term care insurance account for approximately 1.6 billion EUR according to the base case of our analysis. Total annual costs for all POCD cases depend on surgery numbers, incidence rates, other assumptions, and uncertain input parameters. The financial burden to the long-term care insurance is substantial, even in a conservative scenario of the cost model. Variability of results stems from uncertain assumptions, POCD-incidence rates and from uncertain patient numbers who are undergoing surgery and are therefore at risk to develop POCD.
Sep 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2832-4048.jsm-17-1621
A. Koryak YuriCorresponding author
SSC of the Russian Federation − Institute of Biomedical Problems of the RAS
The effects of long-term space flight on human triceps surae (TS) muscle function and electromechanical delay (EMD) have been investigated. Voluntary and electrically evoked contractions of the TS were obtained from 7 male cosmonauts 30 days before and 3 days after landing. For all cosmonauts the isometric maximal voluntary contraction was reduced by 41.7 % (p < 0.01), whereas the electrically evoked maximal tetanic contraction force (Po) was found to decrease by 25.6 % (p < 0.05). Force deficit increased by 50 % (p < 0.001). This suggests that most of the force loss is due to a reduction in motor drive (motor control). The decrease in Po was associated with a significant increase of the corresponding maximal rates of tension development (43.7 %). The twitch tension (Pt) was not significantly changed and the Pt/Po ratio was increased by 46.7 % (p < 0.05) after space mission. The twitch time-to-peak tension of the TS increased by 7.7 %, but half-relaxation time decreased by 20.6 %. Force-velocity properties of the TS calculated according to a relative scale of voluntary contraction development significantly decreased. The calculations of the same properties of electrically evoked contraction development did not differ substantially from the initial physiological state. Total reaction time (TRT), pre-motor time (PMR) and motor time or EMD were determined. In response to a supramaximal single electrical pulses applied to the tibial nerve, the latent period between the M-wave and Рt beginning was determined. The voluntary contraction EMD increased by 34.1 %; but PMR and TRT decreased by 19.0 and 14.1 %, respectively. The EMD of electrically evoked contraction did not significantly change. Thus, the comparison of the mechanical alterations recorded during voluntary contractions and in contractions evoked by electrical stimulation of the motor nerve, suggests that weightlessness not only modifies the peripheral processes associated with contractions, but also changes central and/or neural command of the contraction.
Mar 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-17-1461
Lessard SabrinaCorresponding author
Research Centre – InterActions, CUISSS du Nord-del’Île-de-Montréal
Given the aging of the population, an increase in the number of persons in need of long-term care and end-of-life care can be expected in the coming years. The scientific literature underlines the lack of end-of-life care for elderly people in long-term care centres. The aim of this study is to explore needs in terms of new knowledge and research on end-of-life care for elderly persons in long-term care settings, from the perspective not only of the scientific and international community, but also of Quebec professionals concerned by the issue. An online survey using the LimeSurvey® tool was conducted in 2015 among health professionals involved in end-of-life care for elderly persons in long-term care settings in Quebec. 208 professionals rated the priority of new knowledge and research needs related to 1) health professionals; 2) delivery and quality of care; 3) residents and their loved ones; and 4) organization and management of care. The results show that the statements collected in scientific literature resonate with health professionals. The most important need is to identify the symptoms of distress in residents in the final stages of their lives, as well as their causes and treatments. This study also shows professionals’ concerns about attitudes, beliefs, and values of practitioners and the related impacts on end-of-life care in long-term care settings. This study shows that there is a significant need for new knowledge and research. It revealed that there are few studies on end-of-life care for elderly persons in long-term care settings and that there is much more to be discovered in this field.
Jan 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2577-137X.ji-16-1139
O’Connor L.Corresponding author
Health Protection Surveillance Centre, 25-27 Middle Gardiner St., Dublin 1
We describe seasonal influenza-like illness (ILI) outbreaks in long-term care facilities in the Health Service Executive (HSE) East area of Ireland in the 2013/2014 influenza season, risk factors associated with outbreak duration and attack rates, and management challenges. Separate questionnaires were distributed to 28 facilities who reported an outbreak and to public health specialists leading outbreak management, with a 79% response rate. Mean outbreak duration (21 vs 17 days; p=0.046) was longer in facilities with staff vaccination rates of <40%. Facilities with a high attack rate (≥50%) were less likely to have an outbreak plan (p=0.03). Smaller facilities (under 50 residents) had a higher attack rate (50% vs 23%, p=0.003) even when controlled for staff vaccination rate (p=0.01). Prior to the outbreak, resident vaccination rates were high (82%, above the World Health Organization target of 75%) but staff vaccination rates were low (39%). Reported challenges to ILI outbreak management in long term care facilities included visitor restrictions, staff education issues, outbreak notification delays and lack of outbreak lead in facilities. Targeted public health-assisted planning, training and response, comprising of staff vaccination, education, written policies, with early notification and prompt response would facilitate a more co-ordinated approach to the management of outbreaks, and reduction in infection rates and consequent morbidity.
Oct 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-9273.jbtm-16-1308
Shabani SaraCorresponding author
Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Objectives: While Diabetes Mellitus (DM) affects cognitive functions and the Long Term Memory (LTM), several different strategies are designed to control harmful consequences of DM. This study is investigating whether having Mind Activity (MA) can make any difference in LTM function of individuals with DM. Design: The participants (n=80) were classified in 4 groups based on having DM or not and having MA or not. Methods: The LTM and MA were assessed respectively by the word-list of Tulving and Pearlstone, and a self-report form. The BG concentrations were measured in vitro. Results: The results showed a significant negative correlation between BG concentrations and LTM scores in group with DM. The LTM function is significantly lower in group with DM and no-Mind Activity (nMA) respectively than the group with no-Diabetes Mellitus (nDM) and with MA. Also the LTM scores of the groups with nDM&MA, nDM&MA, DM&MA, nDM&MA, nDM&nMA and nDM&MA which were respectively higher than those of the groups with nDM&nMA, DM&MA, DM&nMA, DM&nMA, DM&nMA and DM&MA were statistically significant. Conclusions: The weaker BG control in patients with DM, the higher LTM dysfunction; and LTM function is in close relationship with DM (negatively) and MA (positively). Patients with DM and individuals with nDM who have their minds active in elderly, may less likely confront LTM dysfunction than matched groups who do not have active minds.
Sep 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-16-1177
J Whiting SusanCorresponding author
College of Pharmacy & Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon Canada
Loss of muscle mass and functionality leads to increased risk for falls and onset of frailty, especially residents of long term care (LTC) homes. Hand grip strength (HGS) is emerging as a promising tool to measure muscle strength and a proxy for functionality. Given its promise as a screening tool, several studies report cut-offs below which measured strength was predictive of risk of poor mobility in older subjects. A scoping review was conducted to examine whether HGS was currently being used in LTC, as studies demonstrate hand grip strength as positively correlated with activities of daily living, implying increased dependence on caregivers including mealtimes. Of 19 published studies in 2015, only two report HGS use. As there is an association of grip strength with nutrition-related outcomes, hand grip strength should be used as part of nutritional assessment by dietitians in LTC, as poor muscle strength adversely affects activities of daily living that may impact intake.
Jan 2026 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-25-5905
Al-Yarabi MohammedCorresponding author
Purpose To report a rare case of Mooren’s ulcer in a healthy young male without systemic autoimmune disease, and to highlight the effectiveness of conjunctival resection as therapy for cases unresponsive to medical management. Case report A 34-year-old immunocompetent male presented with progressive peripheral corneal ulceration in the left eye. Extensive systemic and infectious evaluations, including rheumatologic, immunologic, and microbiological testing, were unremarkable. Human leukocyte antigen genotyping was DR17(03)-negative and DQ2-positive. Rheumatological evaluation yielded no definitive systemic diagnosis. Despite immunosuppressive therapy with adjuvant medications, the epithelial defect and stromal inflammation persisted. The patient underwent conjunctival resection, resulting in marked reduction in inflammation, rapid re-epithelialization, and structural stabilization of the cornea. Histopathology of excised conjunctiva showed nonspecific inflammation without granulomatous changes, vasculitis, or neoplastic features. During follow-up, patient remained in remission with visual acuity preserved at 6/6 bilaterally and no recurrence. Conclusion Mooren’s ulcer is rare but vision-threatening. Early recognition, comprehensive evaluation, and timely surgical intervention can be vision-saving. This case highlights the role of a multidisciplinary approach and supports conjunctival resection as a useful adjunct in refractory disease. Long-term follow-up is essential.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-25-5886
Y. Talbert PatriciaCorresponding author
Objective Diabetes poses significant public health challenges, with many individuals remaining undiagnosed and at risk of complications. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of decision tree ensemble methods for predicting diabetes onset using the Framingham Heart Study Teaching Dataset and to explore sex-specific risk patterns relevant to AI-driven interventions. Methods We analyzed data from 11,627 participants, incorporating demographics, vital signs, smoking status, medication use, and laboratory measures. Random Forest classifiers were developed to predict diabetes incidence at approximately 6-year (Period 2) and 12-year (Period 3) follow-ups. Class imbalance was addressed using undersampling, oversampling, and the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). Results The models demonstrated robust performance, achieving an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.856 in Period 2, and moderate predictive ability in Period 3 (AUC = 0.732 in males, 0.786 in females). Key predictors included glucose level, BMI, systolic blood pressure, age, and heart rate. Notably, differences emerged in predictive accuracy between men and women, suggesting potential sex-specific vulnerabilities that merit further study. Conclusion Machine learning approaches, particularly Random Forests, show promise for medium- and long-term diabetes risk prediction, supporting early identification and intervention efforts. Future work should focus on hyperparameter tuning and explainability techniques, such as SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values, to improve model precision, interpretability, and fairness. Equity-focused strategies remain critical to ensure AI-driven tools benefit diverse populations and do not exacerbate existing disparities in diabetes care.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2643-2811.jmbr-25-5731
Mukeredzi InnocentCorresponding author
Background Typhoid fever remains a significant public health issue in Harare City, Zimbabwe, exacerbated by recurrent outbreaks between 2018 and 2020. Key challenges, including inadequate water supply and sanitation infrastructure, high population density, and limited healthcare access, have intensified the disease burden. Understanding the key transmission drivers and assessing the impact of various interventions are essential for informing policy and health strategies. Objectives This study aimed to: 1: To predict future trends in typhoid fever cases Harare City typhoid hot areas. 2: To develop a mathematical model to simulate the spread of typhoid fever incidence under different intervention scenarios and recommend evidence-based strategies for reducing the disease burden in Harare City. Methods A dynamic compartmental SIR-based model, adapted from the Pitzer Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) framework, was employed to simulate disease transmission. This model accounted for both short-cycle (human-to-human) and long-cycle (environmental) transmission pathways. Data from Harare City (2018–2020) were used for model calibration and forecasting, and sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of different intervention levels. Findings The model identified inadequate sanitation, contaminated water sources, and low health- seeking behaviors as primary drivers of typhoid transmission. In the absence of interventions, the model projected a sustained high rate of transmission. However, treatment and WASH interventions could reduce the disease burden by 50–60%, while combined strategies incorporating vaccination and education led to an 80% reduction in cases. Sensitivity analysis indicated that treatment and WASH interventions were particularly impactful at moderate coverage levels. Conclusion Mathematical modeling effectively demonstrated the multifactorial drivers of typhoid fever transmission in Harare. Integrated interventions that combine WASH, vaccination, treatment, and education present the most promising approach for long-term control of the disease. The findings offer a solid, data-driven foundation for public health decision-making and resource allocation.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-24-5295
G. Verzhuk V.Corresponding author
The present study of the reproductive ability of currant and gooseberry hybrids after long-term cryopreservation of pollen in liquid nitrogen is of enormous importance for organizing the conservation of the diversity of this crop. Four distant interspecific hybrids of currant and gooseberry served as objects of the study. The pollen fertilizing ability was studied by pollination of allotetraploid Jošta with pollen of tetraploid hybrids stored for a year at ultra-low temperatures (–196°C) and freshly collected pollen (control pollination). Berry set in 2022, when pollinated with cryopreserved pollen, averaged 56.4% and was higher than in the control pollination (38.2%). In 2023, the number of berries set on average for all cross combinations in the experiment was also quite high (59.6%), but lower than in the pollination control (81.4%), which can be explained by unfavorable weather conditions during pollen collection in the year of establishment (2022). The obtained data specify that pollen of the allotetraploids does not lose its high fertilizing ability during its long-term cryopreservation. Berry setting, average berry weight and seed production are quite high and comparable to pollination with freshly collected pollen (control pollination variant). Seed germination and values of morphometric parameters of seedlings obtained from pollination with cryopreserved and freshly collected pollen in most cases have close values. Cryopreservation of pollen of currant-gooseberry hybrids for a year and more allows to preserve pollen for successful pollination and berry formation and is a reliable way to preserve germplasm.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4496.jtc-25-5497
Silva FriedaCorresponding author
Our study gathered information on the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcome in adult and pediatric Hispanic patients with Well Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Methods We performed a retrospective review of the clinical and imaging nuclear medicine records of cases of WDTC evaluated and treated in the Nuclear Medicine CLINICc. Evaluation included the clinical PROFILE, histology, radioiodine (RAI) therapies and treatment response, long-term outcome and survival. The data was ASSESED using the 2015 ATA Risk level guidelines and recommendations. Results Three hundred eleven cases were reviewed, 81% females, 19% males, median age of 41 years. Eleven percent (34 patients) of the patients were in the pediatric group and 49% were between 16-45 years. The tumor histology was 60.5% Papillary, 28.2% Papillary-Follicular variant and 11.3% Follicular type. All patients had a total thyroidectomy. A total of 287 (92%) of the patients were treated with RAI. The median RAI dose was 128 mCi. Patients in the low risk group received a dose range of 25-105 mCi, 73 cases in the intermediate RISK group received 106-160mCi and 104 cases in the high-risk group received doses greater than 160 mCi. The overall median cumulative dose was 151 mCi (55-926 mCi). Annual follow up was done in all cases , WITH A median follow-up OF 5-10 years. Residual functioning tissue in the neck was found in 52% of the cases by US and/or RAI imaging. of those, 43% belonged to the low risk group, while 57% were in the intermediate and high-risk groupS. The mean treatment dose received by those with persistent functional thyroid tissue in the neck was 157 mCi. Recurrent disease was found in 15% of the patients, 85% of them belonged to the intermediate and high-risk GROUPS. Forty-seven percent of the patients with recurrent disease had residual disease. Conclusion We believe ablative and/or adjuvant RAI treatment early in the disease is important to decrease residual thyroid tissue and/or residual disease, and to improve disease-free survival. We recommend total thyroid surgery in all tumors above 1 cm, post-operative evaluation with RAI Whole Body (with 123-I or 131-I), planar and SPECT/CT imaging and RAI ablation to remnant tissue. Follow-up post treatment evaluation is also recommended.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-25-5515
Rao AnaghaCorresponding author
Background Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a common and debilitating complication in people living with HIV (PLHIV). While HIV itself contributes to neuropathy, certain antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs, particularly nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) such as stavudine (d4T) and zidovudine (AZT), are known for their neurotoxic effects. Objectives To evaluate the impact of ART on HIV-associated peripheral neuropathy (HIV-PN) and to determine whether certain ART regimens increase the risk or severity of neuropathy. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 158 HIV-positive patients. Neuropathy was diagnosed using clinical criteria, Total Neuropathy Score (TNS), and nerve conduction studies (NCS). Patients were grouped based on their ART regimen, and statistical analysis was performed to assess the association between ART type and peripheral neuropathy severity. Results It was noted that patients on older NRTIs (stavudine, zidovudine) had significantly higher rates of peripheral neuropathy (p=0.002) and tenofovir-based regimens were associated with lower peripheral neuropathy prevalence (p=0.01). There was a significant correlation between the duration of ART exposure and peripheral neuropathy severity (p<0.001), suggesting a cumulative neurotoxic effect. Conclusion Older ART regimens, particularly stavudine and zidovudine, significantly contribute to HIV-PN. The study supports the WHO recommendation to phase out neurotoxic ART and highlights the importance of early ART regimen optimisation to prevent long-term neurological complications.
Nov 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2694-2283.jsem-25-5730
A. Heinrich EmilyCorresponding author
Objective The goal of this systematic review is to identify common themes amongst acute spinal cord injuries (SCI) in equestrian athletes. Design A systematic review was performed using PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, and Scopus with pre-determined MESH terms. The initial search returned 354 studies. Following PRISMA guidelines, 13 articles were included. Exclusion criteria included injuries to the horse only, non-English language, cauda equina, and case reports. Data extraction was completed, and common findings were evaluated narratively due to heterogeneity of data. Results Seven manuscripts listed specific horse-related activities that caused SCI, with fall from horse as the highest percentage of injury. Nine articles identified the injury region, with large variations and no clear dominant area of injury. Five articles identified the length of hospital stay with ranges from 1 to 82 days. Four articles looked at the association of professional vs non-professional riders. Only two articles evaluated helmet use at time of injury, with one article showing 81% of those with SCI used helmets, and the other showing only 35.6% utilized this safety measure. Conclusion SCI in equestrian athletes can have a wide presentation, with large variation on location of injury, length of stay, and other factors. However, non-professional riders are at greater risk of SCI and individuals are more likely to sustain injury from a fall from a horse rather than a kick or another modality of injury. Future study can elicit presenting symptoms, types of surgical intervention used, and long-term outcomes and recovery.
Sep 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2768-0207.jbr-25-5706
Nakamura YusukeCorresponding author
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative force across many sectors, with healthcare representing both one of the most promising and most challenging areas of application. This review summarizes current and future applications of AI in healthcare, focusing on its potential to improve diagnosis, therapy, chronic disease management, and overall patient care, while also alleviating physicians’ workload. Recent literature demonstrates that AI systems can reduce diagnostic errors/delays by mitigating cognitive biases, support imaging and pathology through improved accuracy and speed, and prevent prescribing errors by integrating pharmacogenomic and clinical data into decision-support systems. In chronic disease management, AI-powered wearable devices enable continuous monitoring and early detection of conditions such as atrial fibrillation, thereby reducing the risk of stroke and long-term disability, particularly in elderly people. Therapeutic applications include AI-driven drug discovery, personalized oncology, and tailored medicine that integrates multi-omics and lifestyle data. Beyond direct medical intervention, AI contributes by automating routine tasks, optimizing workflows, and facilitating greater patient–clinician interaction. Despite these benefits, significant challenges remain, including issues of data quality, privacy, security, equity, and the need for transparency and trust in “black box” systems. Looking ahead, the integration of multimodal data, digital twins, and robotics is expected to advance more comprehensive, equitable, and human-centered care. We conclude that, when applied ethically and responsibly, AI should not replace clinicians but rather serve as a powerful partner that enhances medicine by restoring empathy and humanity.
Jul 2024
Abdelhak KiouahCorresponding author
Vitamin D deficiency is known to affect bone healing 1. In this case report, the potential link between vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus deficiency and periapical lesions is explored, offering fresh insights into the complex relationship between systemic health and dental pathology. This pathology is caused by a mutation in the PHEX gene on chromosome X, which encodes a protein necessary for vitamin D synthesis and phosphate reabsorption, which are essential for the mineralization of bone and teeth 23. A 25-year-old man with rickets and vitamin D deficiency presented to our clinic with recurrent abscesses in multiple teeth. Radiographic imaging revealed periapical lesions on multiple teeth with advanced endo-perio lesions on teeth 26 and 16, and a negative cold test on all his teeth. Despite successful endodontic treatment, the patient’s compromised metabolic healing raised concerns about the prognosis. This case report highlights the intricate interplay between vitamin and mineral deficiencies and dental health, emphasizing the need for cautious management and long-term follow-up.
Jun 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-24-5106
Mohammadnezhad MasoudCorresponding author
Introduction Compared to their heterosexual counterparts, cisgender LGBTQ+ youth are more likely to experience numerous mental health conditions, for instance, suicidal ideation, stress, and anxiety. This study aimed to explore mental health disparities among LGBTQ+ youth while identifying strategies to promote their well-being. Methodology Incorporating a systematic approach, studies were selected according to the predefined inclusion criteria, ensuring recentness and relevance. Five databases were systematically searched while the PRISMA flowchart was employed for illustrating the systematic selection process. The PEO framework directed the study selection. Thematic analysis was applied to identify themes that were related to the study aim. Results Five themes were emerged including policy changes and legal frameworks, contextual and cultural factors, family and social support, underlying factors of mental health, and healthcare services access. The synthesis of the literature uncovers the multifaceted relationship between cultural and contextual factors and policy changes, social and family support and healthcare services. The study also underlines the importance of implementing an intersectional minority stress model for comprehensively understanding mental health disparities among LGBTQ+ youth. Conclusion The results emphasize the importance of ongoing research in policy alterations, accessibility to healthcare, and creating supportive surroundings to tackle differences in mental health. Recognizing the complexity of these issues, this paper requires an in-depth examination that considers intersecting factors, promotes inclusivity, and involves long-term studies in providing mental health support to enhance the well-being of LGBTQ+ young individuals.
May 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-24-5032
M. Akinseye FolorunsoCorresponding author
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of different sorghum varieties to micro-dosing fertilization strategies on yield and yield traits, as well as the impact on nitrogen fertilizer and water use efficiency (NUE and WUE). In addition, the benefit-cost ratio of sorghum cultivation under different fertilization strategies in the Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria was analyzed. The experiment included eight fertilizer micro-application strategies as well as two control and three sorghum varieties. Our results showed that most agronomic indicators differed significantly between years, varieties, and fertilization strategies. However, the application of 100g hill-1 poultry manure plus 3g NPK hill-1 resulted in the highest average grain yield > 2000 kg ha-1 at both study sites (BUK and Minjibir). This means that the grain yield is 86% and 132% higher than the average grain yield with zero fertilization. There were extremely significant differences between NUE and WUE fertilization strategies and varieties at the two sites. At BUK and Minjibir, NPK applied with 3 g of hill-1 had the highest NUE with an average of 37.6 and 40 kg grain/kg N. Application of 100 g of poultry manure plus 3g of NPK hill-1 resulted in the highest average WUE of 6.1 and 5.6 kg grain/mm for BUK and Minjibir, respectively. BUK (3.2) and Minjibir (3.6) had the highest net income and benefit-to-cost ratios when applying 3 grams of NPK per hill. The adoption of micro-dosing fertilization strategies by smallholder farmers provides a good opportunity to prevent long-term soil fertility limitations and thereby increase sorghum productivity and farmer incomes by recommending multiple-choice fertilization strategies for improved sorghum varieties.
Feb 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2997-2248.jwl-23-4791
Sahile AtinafaCorresponding author
The Trans boundary protection of migratory species is a common argument for international cooperation. Ecotourism supports these activities through long-term commitment from international conservation organizations, all interest groups and various political entities. However, due to anthropogenic influences and inadequate understanding of species ecology, sustainable conservation of migratory species is often challenging. Therefore, this review article evaluates the migration status, potential anthropogenic threats, and conservation directives from the perspective of ecotourism of the white-eared kob (Kobuskobleucotis, Lichtenstein and Peters, 1854). Ethiopia. Kobus kobleucotis migrate through the Boma-Gambella border ecosystems of Ethiopia and South Sudan at certain times of the year. This migration is anonymous and requires an understanding of the overall ecology of the species. Currently, the white-eared Kob population exceeds half a million, making it the second largest migration in Africa, after the wildebeest migration in the Serengeti, Tanzania. Kobs occur in groups of five to forty depending on sex and age and are nocturnal but inactive on the hottest days. Rich grasslands and permanent water sources are the preferred habitats for the species. However, the decline in grassland potential, frequent hunting, expanding settlements, changes in land use and land cover are potential threats to the white-eared kob in Gambella National Parks. Therefore, understanding the total ecological, anthropogenic and behavioral variables that influence the movement and status of the species is the ultimate parameter for conservation activity. Furthermore, entire migration corridors require sustainable management by balancing stakeholder interests and rural community development through nature-based tourism. It is also noted that solid economic and environmental incentives through nature-based tourism require adequate protection in Gambella and the surrounding regions.
Dec 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2693-1176.ijgh-23-4854
Isea RaulCorresponding author
A potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease is vagus nerve therapy, which has been made possible by considerable advances in neuroscience. An essential component of the autonomic nervous system, the vagus nerve regulates memory, inflammation, and cognition. Researchers hope to delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease and improve cognitive function by implanting a vagus nerve stimulator (VNS). Alzheimer's patients have higher heart rate variability, according to an ECG study, which may be advantageous. To completely grasp its mechanics and long-term effectiveness, more research is necessary.
Dec 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-4829.jen-23-4799
Gartner PatriziaCorresponding author
Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technologies hold promise for sustainable energy solutions, yet pinhole-related challenges persist. Our research introduces a novel biohybrid approach to self-healing, enhancing multiple healing cycles with minimal membrane disruption. Initial steps involve immobilizing enzymes on a polymeric membrane. This study establishes the immobilization process and analytical framework through enzyme immobilization on polypropylene. Applicability and stability are investigated, laying groundwork for potential Nafion™ applications and advancing climate neutral energy. Qualitative analysis employs colorimetric p-NPA assay on polypropylene-immobilized lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) and Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB). Both enzymes hold their temperature optimum at 50°C which is increased by 10°C via immobilization. Diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) is optimal for immobilization. Synchronous enzyme and DIC addition is advantageous. After 8 reuse cycles, immobilized enzymes retain 54.3% residual activity. Immobilizates exposed to PEM fuel cell conditions show better stability due to covalent immobilization than free CRL. Yet, declines occur under stressors like 60 °C and concentrated alcohol. Immobilizates remain resilient at pH 3 and under oxidizing as well as reducing conditions constituted by varied gas atmospheres. Considering PEM fuel cells' operational range, in-depth investigations across conditions are vital. Future studies target long-term PEM fuel cell lifespans, focusing on extremophilic enzymes or modifications for high-temperature stability. Subsequently, the transferability of the immobilization method to Nafion™ shall be deliberated based on the outcomes.
Nov 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2381-862X.jwrh-23-4766
G. Ong EmilyCorresponding author
This study explored concerns and unsolicited advice relating to miscarriage shared on multiple social media platforms for mentions of questions, advocacy, medical advice, conflicts of interest, and terminology used to describe miscarriage. Public social media posts in English from January 1st, 2019 to June 30th, 2021 were searched using keywords related to miscarriage. A dataset of questions, advice, conflicts of interest, and terminology used was created from eligible posts determined by inclusionary and exclusionary criteria. The dataset was analyzed to identify themes and calculate statistics. Approximately 1000 posts were reviewed and 149 posts were found eligible for analysis. Of the total, 116 posts included advice and a subset of 71 posts offered questions. A total of 152 mentions of advice were identified from the total eligible posts with 82.9% of advice related to advocacy for destigmatizing miscarriage, enhancing community support, or expressing grief. 17.1% of posts offered medical advice eligible for evaluation of which 73% were accurate across all platforms. From the dataset, 103 questions were analyzed for common themes. The four most common themes of questions included grief, self-blame, quality of post-miscarriage counseling in different care settings, and inadequate medical counseling. This study indicates that women who experience miscarriage have many unanswered questions and powerful feelings relating to grief and self-blame that could have long-term impacts. Social media has become a place for women to self-advocate and connect with others for support, from which clinicians could increase their understanding of women’s unmet needs.
Sep 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.3070-2232.jf-23-4696
Baron ByronCorresponding author
Small island states, such as Malta face numerous, unique challenges in relation to agricultural sustainability, with solutions amenable to larger states being unfit given the particular characteristics of the island. These include the poor soil conditions, the limited water resources, the aging farmer population, farming being mainly part-time, and most farmers having no formal training. Currently farmers practice intensive agriculture to achieve higher crop productivity at lower production costs by relying heavily on agri-chemicals and over-extracting groundwater. This destroys the Maltese natural environment and urges for the development and implementation of sustainable agriculture practices, whereby traditional farming is supplemented with sustainable alternatives such that local agriculture remains productive in the long-term while safeguarding the local environment. Here we outline some of the critical issues that urgently need to be addressed and potential ways forward in relation to soil, water and biodiversity, implementing permaculture principles in small-scale, practical actions in order to improve the sustainability of local agricultural through a combination of scientific evidence, agricultural technology and traditional practices.
Aug 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-23-4701
Steiner-Hofbauer VerenaCorresponding author
Young adulthood is a sensitive phase that comes with many developmental tasks. Successful mastery of these challenges is crucial not only for long-term physical and mental health. A positive relationship with one's own body and associated healthy dietary and behavioral patterns are essential building blocks for healthy adolescence and adult life. But being overly concerned with healthy food may lead to decreased quality of life and negative (mental) health outcomes. This study was conducted via a cross-sectional online questionnaire including the Düsseldorfer Orthorexieskala(DOS), the WHO Quality of Life BREF and questions about life style and nutritional habits. We investigated the prevalence of ON and its relationship with different aspects of quality of life and lifestyle factors (sport and nu trtional habits) in a sample of young adults in Austria. No significant difference in the DOS-scores of male and female participants were found and no significant difference between students and non-students. High DOS-scores significantly impair all three domains of QoL. We did not find a significant relationship between high DOS-scores and taking nutritional supplements or being vegan, vegetarian or omnivore. Participants with high DOS-scores spent significantly more hours per week with sport/exercising.
Aug 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2688-5328.ijp-23-4624
James AndersonCorresponding author
Periauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (pVNS) has been proven safe and effective in reducing chronic pain and related comorbidities in numerous clinical studies. This multicenter, interventional study used a non-randomized, interrupted time-series analysis to test the efficacy of an 8-week treatment protocol using the Stivax neurostimulator device. Subjects (n=33, 15 F, 18 M, age 40-77) were recruited at 3 clinic sites in California and Colorado. All subjects had long-term chronic pain and had failed other treatments. Subjects were treated with the Stivax device 3 times (2 weeks on, 1 week off). Subjective assessments of pain (Visual Analog Scale), disability (Oswestry Disability Index), depression (PHQ-9), and activity (IPAQ-E) were collected at baseline and weekly. Objective blood levels of pain-related cytokines collected at the end of weeks 2 and 8. Most subjects reported reduced pain, disability, and depression, with increased activity levels. At the end of week 8, subjects reported an average reduction in pain by 38.5% (3 subjects reported no pain), depression by 43.6% (2 subjects reported no depression), disability by 38.6% (2 subjects reported no disability), and an average 26.1% increase in activity level (5 subjects doubled their activity level). Levels of the pain-related cytokines IL-1ꞵ, IL-2, IL-3, IL-7, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17α, IL-21, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and FLT3-ligand showed improvement at week 8. pVNS is believed to “reset” central sensitization underlying chronic pain and other central sensitization syndromes, engaging the body’s pain modulation systems. Our results indicate that pVNS can clinically significantly improve chronic pain and associated morbidities without adverse effects.
Jul 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-23-4576
HECHAM N.Corresponding author
Background The evolution of multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly variable. Predicting this evolution at the beginning of the disease will help in the therapeutic management. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and to identify early predictors of long-term disability among MS patients in Algeria. Methods We performed a descriptive and retrospective study of 400 MS patients followed over a 4-years period from July 2012 to July 2016 in the neurology department of Mustapha Bacha hospital in Algiers. The following parameters were systematically assessed for each patient: Age at onset, gender, relapses, initial demyelinating event, interval between first and second attack, residual deficit after first attack, onset of the progressive course, time of assignment of the successive scores of irreversible disability and type of disease modifying therapies. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to determine factors influencing time to Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 4 and 6. Results During the follow-up of this cohort of MS patients, a total of 144 (36%) and 83 (20%) patients reached EDSS scores 4 and 6 respectively. The median times from the onset of MS to assignment of a score 4 and 6 was 10 years and 19 years, respectively. Using the MSSS severity score, and after univariate analysis we identified several risk factors predictive of disease severity. These included male sex (P= 0.002), age of onset ≥ 40 years (P= 0.001), pyramidal (P= 0.0001), cerebellar (P= 0.002), and poly-symptomatic (P=0.0001) onset of the disease, incomplete recovery after the first attack (P= 0.0001), a high number of attacks during the first 2 years (P= 0.04) and the progressive form (P=0.001), and all these factors were correlated with a high MSSS score. However, prognostic factors in the multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis were limited to pyramidal onset, incomplete recovery after the first attack, short interval between the first and second attack, and progressive onset. Conclusion On the whole, the early predictive factors of disability in MS among Algerian patients were age of onset over 40 years, pyramidal onset, incomplete recovery after the first attack, short interval between the first and second attack and progressive form at onset. To increase the generalizability of findings, a national MS registry is strongly recommended, as well as long-term follow-up epidemiological studies.
Dec 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2576-9383.jhhr-22-4397
J Johnson RalphCorresponding author
Research PA-C/Research Coordinator, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Despite vast improvements in chemo-therapeutic interventions extensively extending the life span of patients with chronic and terminal diseases, there also is the unhappy extension of side- effects and adverse events. Thus, Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) becomes equally as important as length of life. Accurately, reliably, validly, and representatively measuring the on-going pulse beat of HR-QoL means ensuring optimal responses and response rates, which in turn means fostering and maximizing Survey Participants’ continued rapport, enlistment, engagement, and participation regarding HR-QoL research survey studies. This is generally true regarding all human subjects’ research. HR-QoL survey work at a nationally renowned Cancer Center recently identified an example of Potlatch or gift-giving (i.e., gifting), and its surrounding nuances, that were calculated and appear to evoke enhanced reciprocal engagement in a HR-QoL survey. This work involves continuous, iterative marketing study. The intent of this field note is to describe the methodological phenomenon that may have epistemological and theoretical relevance for ubiquitously advancing the interest of health survey research. Specifically, the contention will be that considered, and tactically deployed Potlatch can serve as a mechanism for facilitating and enhancing health survey research as well as enhancing stronger social engagement in research and treatment for patients undergoing medical care for long-term, chronic illness. First, it can rejuvenate and refocus Survey Participants’ involvement. Second, it can serve as an entrée and springboard to further forge a social connection in the interest of research. Lessons Learned and implications are reported.
May 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-22-4190
Bartle JodieCorresponding author
Department of Nutrition & Food Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne.
Background Nutrition support during the acute phase post allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is required to optimise short- and long-term outcomes for children. An algorithm was developed and evaluated to assist clinicians to make objective and consistent enteral feeding decisions. Methods The algorithm was evaluated on all patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT treatment between November 2017 - February 2019. Results Of the 48 patients, 43 had a nasogastric tube (NGT) inserted, of which 36 patients received a hydrolysed peptide-based formula, 5 patients received a whole protein formula only and 2 patients were fed an amino acid-based formula. Parenteral nutrition (PN) was used in 41 of the patients. Eleven did not have an NGT in-situ at the commencement of HSCT. Of the remaining 37 patients, 26 followed the algorithm and 11 patients did not comply. The group of patients who did not follow the algorithm had the longest median length of stay (LOS) of 49 days. Patients receiving only EN had the lowest median LOS of 30 days. The two groups that reported better weight outcomes were those who followed the algorithm and those who were fully EN fed. Conclusions Effective use of the HSCT feeding algorithm indicated improved patient outcomes for children undergoing HSCT, with better weight outcomes and reduced LOS. Recommendations to improve the efficacy and compliance of the algorithm include regular education/input to the oncology medical teams to better understand objective thresholds for EN and PN commencement.
May 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2576-9383.jhhr-22-4146
Wang LingCorresponding author
Department of Intensive Care Unit, People’s Hospital of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Kaili, Guizhou 556000, China
Early active mobilisation and rehabilitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is being used to prevent the long-term functional consequences of critical illness, sepsis patients need early rehabilitation treatment. Individualized rehabilitation is a safe and effective approach for patients with sepsis. This review aimed to introduce the necessity of rehabilitation for patients with sepsis in the ICU, the composition of the rehabilitation team, the time to begin rehabilitation, the focus of rehabilitation, and the main approaches.
Mar 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2471-7061.jcrc-22-4139
Wu JianqingCorresponding author
Healthier World (Independent researcher for cause), P. O. Box 689, Beltsville, MD 20704. USA
We examined special roles of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in an attempt to resolve the puzzle that chronic diseases cannot be cured in medicine. By exploring a skill-learning model, we found that the CNS is able to remember certain information reflecting biochemical and cellular (B&C) processes in the body. From the skill-using ability, we found that the CNS is able to control basic B&C processes that drive and power the skill. From the ability to adjust forces and moving direction of body parts, we infer that the CNS is able to adjust B&C processes that control physical acts. From this controlling capability, we inferred that the CNS must also store certain information on the baseline B&C processes, is able to up-regulate or down-regulate the B&C processes, and make comparisons in performing its regulatory functions. We found that chronic diseases are the results of deviated baseline B&C processes, the CNS plays a role in maintaining deviated baseline B&C processes, and protects the body state of a fully developed disease. The three CNS roles can explain that cancer progresses with increasing malignancy, cancer quickly returns after a surgery, cancer cells repopulate after chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cancer patients develop drug resistance inevitably, immune cells rebound after suppression, etc. We further showed that long-term exercises generally can correct part of the departures in B&C processes and thus help to reverse chronic diseases. Finally, we propose strategies for resetting the CNS’ state memory as an essential condition for curing chronic diseases and cancer.
Oct 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-21-3961
Gangola SaurabhCorresponding author
School of Agriculture, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, 263136, India.
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has severely affected the whole world. It has overshadowed all the developmental activities across different countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected global economy and has threatened health security of people worldwide. This pandemic have affected environment dynamically. Decrease in economic activities, travelling, transport and traffic restrictions all over the world have led to decreased emissions of greenhouse gases and drop in air and water pollution observed universally. Also more than 40 % of downfall is observed in NO2 concentration in Asia and Europe as compared to 2019. Reduced pollution had a good effect on freshwater aquatic life. The reduction in worldwide aircraft flight directly impact on forecast and decreases 65% of weather prediction. Snow fall was observed even in a summer in India. This pandemic has had a long-term impact, affecting all aspects of human life and halting all developmental processes. Combating the COVID-19 pandemic is currently at the top of the global agenda. Quarantine measures opted for safety of the public have positively affected the environment. Although it has downturned the economic growth drastically, it has also contributed in lowering the pollution. If there is a silver lining to this horrible situation, it may be that it has given us a whiff of the air we will breathe in a low-carbon future.
Aug 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-21-3927
Nagaraj NitashaCorresponding author
Assistant Professor, The George Washington University.
While Guatemala has made great strides towards gender equality, it remains a country with vast disparities. Gender sensitization and empowerment programs during adolescence when gender attitudes are formed have the potential to diminish gender inequities. The Girl Rising Pilot Program (GR) is a 24-week curriculum designed for adolescent girls living in the Sololá region where 95% of the total population is indigenous and Mayan. The present pilot study evaluated outcomes of the GR Guatemala pilot program. Specifically, the evaluation examined whether there were differences between baseline and follow-up on perceptions of gender equity, aspirations, and communication for adolescent girls who participated in the GR program. A quasi-experimental study design with a one group pre- and post-test was implemented. The pilot evaluation study included all 265 participants at baseline who participated in the GR program. after controlling for significant variables, it was found that the gender equitable attitudes score and communications scale still significantly increased between baseline and follow-up. The results of this evaluation prove that gender sensitization programs play a key role in forming and changing gender attitudes during adolescence, and have the potential to alter their short and long-term attitudes and beliefs.
Jun 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-21-3867
Marks RayCorresponding author
Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Background Aging is said to represent a declining state that is possibly especially compromised by sleep issues, and declining melatonin levels. Aim This review examined the idea that aging can be favorably influenced in numerous ways by the addition or maintenance of adequate melatonin levels. Specifically, the impact of melatonin on skeletal muscle was the key topic of interest. Method Reviewed were peer reviewed research and review articles specifically pertaining to healthy aging, melatonin, and muscle associated observations. Results Declining melatonin levels greatly impact multiple essential body systems and tissues. Supplements or interventions that heighten melatonin presence appear to have beneficial impacts on aging in general, and muscle function and structure, in particular. Conclusion The use of melatonin early on in the aging process is likely to produce more favorable long-term outcomes than not in cases of deficiency, and should be further investigated.
Nov 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3621
Stapff ManfredCorresponding author
LG Chem Life Sciences Innovation Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
Context In the face of further waves of the COVID-19 pandemic it becomes essential to find a balance between protective actions to guard public health and restrictive measures which can collapse our economy. Background As a basis for public health decisions, officials still rely on metrics which were helpful in the beginning of the pandemic but are now not precise enough for a focused and targeted approach to keep the spread of the infection under control. This can lead to public mistrust, “pandemic tiredness”, and can cause unnecessary damage to the economy without having the desired protective effect on public health. Methods This article discusses various metrics, their advantages and caveats, and it provides suggestions for use in a more targeted and risk-based approach, as an alternative to the current “general lock-down” practice. It suggests the notion of including a concept of “risk contacts per area” to better describe the possibility of virus transmission than currently published metrics do. The article also suggests specific analyses of real-world data for identification of populations at risk for severe courses of COVID-19 to allow more targeted protective actions. Discussion Data currently used to describe the COVID-19 pandemic lack important parameters like population density and local likelihood of potentially infectious contacts. The currently often used “all or nothing” approach of shut-down orders needs to be replaced by more sophisticated tactics considering individual local exposure risks and need to be balanced towards metrics on economic short term and long-term impact. In addition, smart analyses of real-world data may contribute to effective protection of individuals at risk.
May 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3344
Reza Naghii MohammadCorresponding author
Retired Professor of Human Nutrition, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
Identifying the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 disease will help to make appropriate decisions and thus control the epidemic. Although many details, such as the source of the virus and its ability to spread between people remain unknown, an increasing number of cases show the signs of human-to-human transmission. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reservoir hosts, and the possible role of distributions of bat coronaviruses in China, and eventually to aim to predict virus natural hotspots and their cross-species transmission potential. Why bats can maintain coronaviruses long-term without showing clinical symptoms of diseases and what is allowing bats to have a higher tolerance against viral diseases. We need to unveil the mystery of unique bat immunity. Although bats are not in close contact with humans, spillover of viruses from bats to intermediate animal hosts like civet is thought to be the most likely mode to cause human infection. It appears that the coffee beans which are a rich source of chlorogenic acid are acting as a reservoir host and causative agent, and at the same time as a defense agent to create resistance in the consumers (bats and animals). It is assumed that the intake of chlorogenic acid should be capable of protecting human from contamination or severe morbidity.
Apr 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-20-3189
Mamadou Sekongo YassonguiCorresponding author
Department of Training and Research, National Blood Transfusion Center; Abidjan; Côte D’Ivoire
This article has been retracted on 29 January 2021. VIEW THE RETRACTION NOTICE (https://doi.org/10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-25-5854) In Côte d'Ivoire, sickle cell disease affects 14% of the population. It is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Transfusion is a significant element in the management of major sickle cell anemia, which exposes them to post-transfusion hemochromatosis. The biological diagnosis is based on the determination of serum iron and the transferrin saturation coefficient (CST). As the determination of the CST was not available in our exercise context in Côte d'Ivoire, we determined only the ferritinemia. The interest of this work lies in the therapeutic implication linked to the identification of patients at risk of hemochromatosis because chelators are difficult to access for most patients. This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study, on polytransfused sickle cell patients, followed at the transfusion therapy unit (UTT) of the CNTS of Abidjan, from 2010 to 2018. We included 78 sickle cell patients, all ages and genders who have received at least ten transfusions. The ferritinemia assay was carried out by ELISA. Transfusion exchange, with 59% of cases, was the most used mode of transfusion. The mean ferritinemia was 1719.19 ng / ml. Hyperferritinemia was found in 63% of patients. Most of the patients were on a long-term transfusion program with an average of 27.5 bags of red blood cell concentrates. Thirty-two patients had received at least 20 bags of red blood cell concentrates. We noted 21 patients treated, including 3 with deferoxamine and 18 treated with oral deferasirox. We have identified 33 sickle cell anemia patients at risk for hemochromatosis. The determinants of the risk of hemochromatosis were the high number of blood bags and the method of transfusion.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-20-3242
Nagaraj NitashaCorresponding author
Research Scientist, The George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Prevention and Community Health, 950 New Hampshire Ave, NW, 3rd Floor, Washington
Mental health and mental illness is a critical to a person’s overall health. In the United States alone, mental illness effects one in six adults. Furthermore, 40% of those individuals who die of suicide have been diagnosed with a mental health condition or illness. Yet, there is a paucity of research on innovative methods that help prevent suicide. The Contextual-Conceptual Therapy (CCT) approach introduces an innovative way to treat suicide by working to uncover the strengths of the suicidal person and addressing a person’s true self. The CCT approach was developed over the course of 25 years working with more than 16,000 suicidal patients in Seattle, Washington, and is tailored specifically for primary and secondary prevention of suicide. While there has been anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness of the CCT program, the program has yet to be formally evaluated. This qualitative research study aims to understand the impact the CCT approach has had on its clients. Eleven former CCT clients were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Outcomes described by participants included an increase in curiosity and self-efficacy as a means through which to decrease suicide ideation and behavior, and proved to be incredibly powerful in changing long-term outcomes. This qualitative study is a first-step in providing critical insight on suicide prevention for wider dissemination. At a time when adverse mental health and illness is impacting the lives of millions of people, the CCT approach has the potential to address suicide, mental illness and mental health across diverse populations.
Dec 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-19-3116
Masoero GiorgioCorresponding author
Accademia di Agricoltura di Torino, Italy
Foliar pH is a specific multifaceted parameter that is sensitive to a deficit in soil water and to temperature variations. It also represents a tool that can be used to rapidly phenotype the symbiosis induced in several crops by bio-fertilizers containing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. Yearly decreases in foliar pH, which dropped from 3.73 in 2015 to 3.15 in 2017 and then stabilized at around 3.13, have been observed in an experimental vineyard near Torino (Italy) in six grapevine cultivars. In this paper, these curious, original results have been paired with the average sunspots of the 24th sun cycle, proximal to its endpoint. The paired values were highly correlated (r 0.95 P< 0.01), with close parabolic patterns. A lowering in foliar pH has been correlated with a modification of the leaf composition, as characterized by the higher hydration and reinforced wall. An increase in the circulating acidity of the plants has been hypothesized to interfere in a diminution in the general predisposition to block parasite attacks. From this perspective, the retrieval of several historic outbreaks and the long-term systematic monitoring of mud and Erwinia amylovora frequencies have suggested that the hypothesis that links the solar minima with dysfunctions of the plant-pest relationships cannot always be rejected. Cosmic influences pertaining to UV variations are poorly understood in plant physiopathology. Foliar pH appears to be a rapid and simple tool to unveil high-level mechanisms. It is this simple parameter that physiologists and geneticists, but also agronomists, are asked to consider.
Dec 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-19-3092
S. Tsingotjidou AnastasiaCorresponding author
Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Greece
Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized mainly by uncontrolled accrual of M- immunoglobulin, secreted by malignant lymphoplasmatic cells. Mast cells interacting with malignant B-cells play an important role at the manifestation of the disease. Utilizing a previous xenotransplantation mouse model, this study evaluates long-term implant viability and quantifies distinct bone marrow mast cell populations along with their dynamics in non-WM and WM human bone implants. Non-WM bone implants were obtained from the femoral head of adult humans undergoing hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty, whereas WM human bone implants originated from bone biopsies obtained from the posterior iliac crest of patients with active WM. All bone particles were implanted intramuscularly in twenty-four NOD/SCID mice. Following 3, 4 or 8 months postoperatively, xenografts were removed and studied using special histological techniques to identify mature and immature mast cells. Xenografts survived up to 8 months after implantation presenting normal cytoarchitecture (non-WM) or high-grade neoplastic infiltration and microresorption (WM bone biopsies). Statistical analysis of mast cell populations showed significant elevation regarding time progression and bone marrow microenvironment, thus suggesting the possible influence of malignant cells to the mast cell population in WM. This study presents the extended survival of intramuscular implantation of human adult bone xenografts into NOD/SCID mice and provides additional information on the interaction between mast cells and malignant B-cells.
Nov 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-612X.ijpr-19-3093
Zhang JingjingCorresponding author
School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
The present study aims to investigate how dispositional mindfulness affects the mental well-being of cancer patients through the way they perceive stress. A total of 182 moderate and advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients volunteered to complete the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Results showed that perceived stress significantly mediated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and all dimensions of the mental well-being as captured by the GHQ (i.e. anxiety/depression, social dysfunction, and loss of confidence), and perceived stress was positively correlated with all the dimensions of mental well-being. Results of the Structural Equation Model showed that the model fit the data very well (χ2/df = 1.72，RMSEA = 0.063 (95% CI = 0.014 ~ 0.103), CFI = 0.984, TLI = 0.970, SRMR=0.041). Further analyses showed that dispositional mindfulness predicted all the dimensions of psychological well-being. Specifically, higher levels of dispositional mindfulness predicted reduced subjective perceptions of stress, which in turn predicted lower levels of anxiety/depression, social impairment, and loss of confidence. This study indicated a possible mechanism of intervention focused on improving mindfulness capability. Future work is encouraged to investigate the long-term influence of dispositional mindfulness on perceived stress and psychological well-being in cancer patients with other types of cancer.
Nov 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4526.jddd-19-3063
I Alvarez-Leite JacquelineCorresponding author
Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias, Brazil.
Most of the patients with inflammatory bowel disease avoid pepper or spicy food, alleging that this condiment causes anal sensation of burning and accelerates intestinal movements. Capsaicin is the main bioactive component of peppers responsible for the pungent flavor that characterizes red peppers. Capsaicin has been related to several biological effects, including decreased body fat, antianti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant activites and modulator of intestinal motility. These actions mostly are due to its role as an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), expressed in the mesenteric nervous system and epithelial cells of the colon. Nonetheless, the anti-inflammatory action of capsaicin is also related to its role in activating the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). Topical capsaicin formulations are already used for pain management, but oral administration of capsaicin is rare. Here, we discuss the main actions of capsaicin that could interfere with the symptoms and severity of IBD. Although animal experiments suggest a beneficial effect of capsaicin on colitis, clinical studies exploring the potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory of capsaicin on Crohn or Ulcerative Colitis are scarce. We concluded that there is no evidence that capsaicin aggravates IBD symptoms or severity. On the opposite, experimental studies suggest that capsaicin could reduce intestinal inflammation by a mechanism that could involve not only the TRPV1 receptor but also PPAR γ. However, clinical studies are still scarce, and data regarding capsaicin concentrations, routes of administration, and long-term side-effects need to be better understood before its use.
Sep 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-19-2995
Chaudhary Nagaraj NitashaCorresponding author
The George Washington University, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Department of Prevention and Community Health
Despite the gains India has made in recent decades, it remains a country with vast gender inequities. Gender sensitization and empowerment programs aimed at young people, precisely at the time when they are forming their gender attitudes, has the potential to diminish gender inequity in the long-term. This study represents data from 36 qualitative in-depth interviews conducted amongst adolescent boys and girls enrolled in grade 7 in northern India, in schools that serve under-resourced communities. The interviews asked questions related to positive youth development, gender roles, violence, and locus of control. The results of the qualitative analysis provide insights into how adolescents perceive gender discrimination in their families and communnites. The majority of expectations for boys revolved around physical labor, while, for girls, gender roles were primarily focused on stopping education early to get married and take care of the household and children. Many of the responses from both boys and girls on privileges/restrictions were related to daughters not being fully educated while sons often were. Furthermore, when comparing between boys and girls (attributes) and understanding superiority, many participants noted there is a clear preference of boys compared to girls. Girls also had higher proportion of violence codes compared to boys, perhaps because many girls felt they were hit more frequently than boys. The results of this qualitative analysis provide direction for both future research as well as the development of gender sensitization interventions specifically designed for adolescents.
Jun 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2640-690X.jfm-18-2067
J Evans KenishaCorresponding author
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Lyme disease has been a topic of debate practically since its discovery in the 1970’s. The hot topic is whether or not long-term antibiotics should be used for Lyme disease patients with persistent symptoms. The source of such a long-running debate stems from the difference in opinions over the cause of long-term, persistent symptoms after treatment in some patients. Toward its end, Medicine has finally begun to embrace the existence of Chronic Lyme Disease, but changes still need to be made in the future.
Apr 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2644-0105.jbfb-19-2681
L. Blanco CynthiaCorresponding author
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.
This study compared the effect of container material type on macronutrient changes in human breast milk (HBM) during frozen storage. HBM was collected from breastfeeding mothers and baseline macronutrients were analyzed and recorded. The HBM was aliquoted into milk storage containers of five commonly used materials (low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), glass, stainless steel, and silicone). The samples were frozen in a standard freezer (-20°F) for 30, 60, and 180 days prior to thawing and retesting macronutrient values. In the 155 samples analyzed, macronutrient changes among different types of storage materials were insignificant at 30 and 60 days of frozen storage. When comparing macronutrients at baseline to 180 days, there was a significant decrease in protein value over time in LDPE containers as compared to silicone containers (p=0.001). Likewise, there was a significant decrease in total calories from baseline to 180 days in both PP and LDPE containers compared to silicone (p=0.046 and 0.013, respectively). While not significant for short-term storage, HBM has losses of macronutrients (protein) with long-term storage in LDPE and PP plastics. These differences could have major nutritional impact on growth, particularly to infants born prematurely.
Mar 2019
Paula Sassoli Fazan ValeriaCorresponding author
Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil
We used a behavioral test to investigate long-term consequences of neonatal noxious stimulus in the anxiety-like behavior and describe differences between males and females. Male and female Wistar rats were submitted to either tactile (control groups) or noxious stimulus (pain groups) since birth, for 15 days and were followed up to 6 months of life. Experiments were performed on days 15, 30, 90 and 180 after birth. Rats of different groups, ages and genders were exposed only once to the elevated plus-maze (EPM), an apparatus largely used to detect anxiety-related behaviors in rats. For the open arms of the EPM, control animals showed an increase in the number of entries from 15 to 30 days of age followed by a decrease of this number at older ages. The comparison between treatments (control and pain) showed, for males, a reduced number of entries in the open arms in the pain group at 15 and 30 days and the opposite situation at 180 days. No differences were found between pain and control groups in females. Our results are in agreement with the literature that shows sex-dependent changes following chronic stress; stress being anxiolytic in males and anxiogenic in females. We point to the fact that acute painful stimulus in the neonatal period caused persistent changes in anxiety-like behavior in the adult life, independently of previously described intrinsic gender differences on memory, task performance, attention bias or other behaviors.
Feb 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2578-8590.ipj-19-2679
Habibzadeh NasimCorresponding author
PhD in Sport Science, Department of Sport Science, Teesside University
The brain is the most complex organ which governs almost all activities in human body. Thus, the mental fitness has high level of importance in every day workouts. The good activities for long-term brain health include performing regular exercises such as a simple walking for 10 min at each day. More importantly having good level of diet can keep the brain workouts in an ideal situation. Indeed, taking enough rest can enhance the brain performances. Listening to the desirable sound of music could also enhance concentration and improve the mood. In overall, these aforementioned life style modifications significantly can easily boost the brain power and its healthy function through different aspects in daily life.
Jan 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-18-2458
Joubert ClemenceCorresponding author
Laboratoire d'Etude des Mécanismes Cognitifs, Université Lyon 2
Introduction Cognitive and physical (especially aerobic) training have been reported to enhance cognition in the elderly. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two types of training, namely combined cognitive-and-physical training and cognitive training alone, for cognition and in particular for executive function and working memory. Material and Method Healthy older adults (aged 65–86 years) were included in cognitive-and-physical - CAP (n=16) - or cognitive - COG (n=16) - training groups or in a passive control group – CONT (n=16). The training took place in 60-minute sessions conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. Cognitive functions were assessed before and immediately after the interventions and at a 1-month follow-up. Results In the short-term, the CAP and COG groups showed a transfer on updating, unlike the CONT group. In the long-term, although the gains achieved by both CAP and COG persisted, the benefit observed in the COG group was greater than that in the CAP group. Conclusion Our data suggest that there may be a complementarity between cognitive and physical training effects at the level of short-term transfer, given that physical training was able to boost cognitive training. Moreover, regarding transfer, physical training may help improve performance on untrained tasks. However, as far as the long-term persistence of the benefits of training is concerned, the results tend to indicate the superiority of cognitive training.
Nov 2018
Shiau Ming-YuhCorresponding author
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Pre-adipocytes are the precursors with the potential to make new fat cells during adipose tissue expansion. Nevertheless, the pre-adipocytes behaviors, and their possible roles in energy homeostasis have long been overlooked. Our previous study implicates that interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays a positive metabolic role by promoting insulin sensitivity and inhibiting lipid accumulation. Besides, abundant evidence shows the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the process of adipose tissue expansion. The present study aimed at examining the cross talk among glucose, insulin and IL-4 on regulating MMP-2 expression and activity in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Effects of insulin and/or IL-4 on MMP-2 expression and activity were examined in pre-adipocytes under euglycemic or hyperglycemic environment by RT-PCR and gelatin zymography, respectively. Our results revealed that glucose level is a pre-requisite for pre-adipocytes responding to insulin and/or IL-4 treatment. In high glucose-containing environment, short-term acute insulin treatment (AI) and long-term chronic insulin exposure (CI) showed opposite regulation to MMP-2 expression and activity. Interestingly, the dominant MMPs regulatory role of CI under euglycemic condition was attenuated in cells exposed to high glucose concentration. Our results suggest pre-adipocytes may participate in the process of increasing adiposity, diabetic onset and diabetic complications through ECM alterations resulted from the insulin- and/or glucose- mediated changes of MMP-2 activity. The present study uncovers novel observations regarding pre-adipocytes behaviors.
Sep 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2471-2140.jaa-18-2283
D.V. GavryuchenkovCorresponding author
First Moscow State Medical University Named after I.M. Sechenov, Department of Life Safety and Emergency Disasters Medicine, Moscow, Russia.
The current research shows the possibility of long-term conservation of the erythrocytes an-tioxidant activity in the process of donor packed red blood cells while introducing mexidol to the hemoconservant glugicir composition.
May 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-18-2065
Desjardins SophieCorresponding author
Department of Psychology, Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres, Canada.
Objective: Examining the correlation between physical activity measures and sleep in normal adolescents and adult population. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on the effects of exercise, its intensity, its frequency and its timing and sleep outcome. Using the databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus, keywords used were “sleep”, “circadian rhythm”, “exercise”, and “physical activity”. Results: To improve the general quality of sleep amongst adolescents and adults, individuals should engage in physical activity at any time of day. It also appears very advantageous to engage in long-term physical activity to maintain the positive effects on sleep. Nonetheless, it seems that sedentary individuals can also benefit from occasional physical activity to improve the quality of their subsequent sleep period. Conclusion: A virtuous relationship between physical activity and sleep may exist in normal adolescents and adults. People should seek to benefit from this link to improve both the quality of their sleep and of their daily functioning. However, larger scale studies, controlling for variables might help to better delineated this relationship.
Mar 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-17-1785
W Chang-LitCorresponding author
Mount Sinai Beth Israel
Sleep is vital for the maintenance of physical health and mental wellbeing. Sleep also plays a cardinal role in the process of healing. It is estimated that 50 to 70 million Americans suffer chronically from sleep disturbances and insufficiency, which not only hinders daily functioning but also adversely affects health, quality of life and longevity.1 Deficient sleep is associated with an increased risk of developing chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, heart disease, stroke, depression, frequent mental distress, as well as increased mortality, and reduced quality of life and productivity.1,2Aging, medical conditions, pain, and mental illness further aggravate sleep disturbances such as insomnia, sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness.3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 The a common treatment for sleep disturbances and insomnia is pharmacological therapy. Benzodiazepines may have negative long-term side effects including residual daytime sedation and tolerance development. Withdrawal difficulties may increase dependency. In the older patient there are safety issues related to daytime sedation including increase risk of falls. With the importance of sleep in hospital recovery and the side effects of sleep medication becoming more widely recognized, there has been an impetus to s use nonpharmacological alternatives , such as music.. This pilot study builds on the potential impact of music’s effectivity by introducing music therapy as a safe, cost effective and culturally sensitive intervention.
Nov 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4526.jddd-17-1792
Angelou AnastasiosCorresponding author
Department of Surgery, Laiko Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Objectives: Bariatric surgery has been established as the cornerstone of treatment of morbid obesity with good immediate and long-term results. Nutrient deficiencies though, can be an important long-term complication and may lead to hematological, metabolic and especially neurological disorders which are not always reversible. Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has been reported both after restrictive and malabsorptive procedures. The aim of this study is to review all cases that presented with Wernicke Encephalopathy after sleeve gastrectomy. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted to evaluate all sleeve gastrectomies performed till today and caused Wernicke encephalopathy to the patients. Demographic data, operative parameters, postoperative outcomes were collected and assessed. Results: A total of 13 studies, including 13 patients were analyzed. Patients ranged in age from 17 to 55 years. The onset of Wernicke encephalopathy occurred as early as 3 weeks after surgery to as late as 60 weeks after surgery. When symptoms of Wernicke encephalopathy developed, patients had lost from 19 kg up to 60 kg of body weight. Conclusions: Micronutrient deficiencies and particularly B1 deficiency can occur after LSG, although rarely. Preoperative nutritional assessment and postoperative follow-up plan, should signs of Wernicke’s encephalopathy be traced, is recommended in all patients.
Aug 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-17-1574
Noronha de Toledo GabrielaCorresponding author
Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Campus Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Periosteal osteosarcoma is an uncommon primary malignant bone tumor in dogs and humans. This type of tumor is one of the four variants of osteosarcoma. The main feature is a superficial lesion without evidence of bone marrow involvement. The treatment usually performed is limb amputation. There is insufficient data on long-term disease-free time, surgical resection or local recurrence in dogs. The present review aims to gather information on periosteal osteosarcoma in dogs
May 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-17-1453
Zhang JieCorresponding author
Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
Purpose: High intraocular pressure (IOP) is known to result in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, both with chronically raised intraocular pressure (such as with glaucoma) and with acute raises in pressure (due to injury or acute angle closure). Because IOP is often raised during ocular surgery, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of transient moderate IOP on retinal function, RGC survival and the expression of Connexin 43 (Cx43) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitously expressed central nervous system (CNS) proteins that are known to be elevated during the retinal inflammatory response to injury. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats were exposed to transient IOP at 40 mmHg for 5 or 30 minutes, and 60 mmHg for 5 minutes (via cannulation of the anterior chamber with a saline reservoir raised to a height corresponding to the desired IOP), mimicking potential IOP rises during surgery such as DSAEK and some laser procedures (LASIK and femtosecond laser cataract surgery). Separate groups of animals had IOP maintained at 10 mmHg for 5 or 30 minutes as cannulation controls, or 120 mmHg for 60 minutes as positive controls. Changes in the optic nerve and retina were assessed immunohistochemically for GFAP and Cx43 expression. Retinal function was assessed using electroretinography (ERG) recorded at baseline and 14 days after the IOP rise and compared with RGC counts. Results: Results showed that there was a differential GFAP labelling pattern observed in the anterior optic nerve in the 40 mmHg 30 minute and 60 mmHg 5 minute groups 4 hours after manipulation. Gap junction protein Cx43 was minimally up-regulated in the retina in the short-term. There was, however, minimal long-term effect on retinal function and no RGC loss. Conclusions: n conclusion, elevations of IOP that are short in duration such as those occurring during surgical procedures, do not cause significant changes long-term in retinal function or RGC survival. Key Messages: Cx43 and GFAP are known to be elevated during the retinal inflammatory response to injury. No previous study has explored the effect of moderate and relatively short increases in IOP on the initial inflammatory response. We observed a mild glial inflammatory response in the anterior optic nerve, but only a minimal up-regulation of Cx43. However, transient and moderate IOP rises did not induce long term disruption to RGC function or number as measured by electrophysiology and RGC counts, respectively. This is applicable to clinical practice, as it means the IOP elevations that occur during some surgical procedures are unlikely to be causing long term damage in retinal function or RGC survival.
May 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-16-1350
S. Kao Hsueh-FenCorresponding author
School of Nursing, The University of Texas at El Paso, EI Paso, TX
The prevalence of type-2 diabetes (T2DM) among Mexican-American older adults along the U.S.-Mexico border region is at epidemic proportions. Healthcare reform is trending toward long-term home-based management of chronic conditions. Under the Mexican cultural norm of familism, daily care for elders is also often provided by family caregivers whose competence levels may vary. Adherence to the prescribed medication regimen is critical to attainment of optimal glucose control. However, there is a startling lack of literature that addresses the link between family medication administration and care recipients’ health outcome. This paper explores the role of culture in medication administration by family caregivers of elders with T2DM from the perspective of caregiver capabilities and caregiving demands. A critical review of the literature offers suggestions to guide future studies.
Feb 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-16-1398
Fan LinlinCorresponding author
Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) have been shown to improve patient outcomes in the hospital setting, but limited results from long-term care or community settings exist. Using electronic health records (EHRs) from 2009 to 2014 for both adult inpatients and outpatients, we compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who received ONS (n = 1,251) with a non-ONS control group (n =25,513). Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to describe and compare differences in baseline characteristics between the groups including age, sex, race, tobacco use, and comorbidities. We found that patients receiving ONS were older and sicker than control patients. Hospitalized ONS patients were more likely to be admitted from the emergency department and have a hospitalization within the last month prior to the index date. Our results suggest that there is a need for nutrition screening and incorporating nutrition status into the EHR as an important way to coordinate hospital and community medical care. ONS can be an important therapy for vulnerable populations in both the hospital and the community settings.
Jul 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-16-1118
Shelli Stephens-StidhamCorresponding author
We used the five dimensions of the RE-AIM model to evaluate a smoke alarm (SA) installation program called Operation Installation (OI), which was implemented in 36 high risk census tracts in Dallas, TX, from 2001-2011. More than 20,000 SAs were installed in 8,134 houses through OI. The RE-AIM model showed that the program had a modest reach into the target population (26.5%), and a relatively high effectiveness (63%) at preventing deaths and injuries in program houses. Adoption and implementation remained high throughout the time period. Individual level maintenance of SAs was high initially (91.8%), but rapidly declined and was only 20% after 10 years. Application of the RE-AIM model to evaluate this long-term SA installation program highlighted areas that warranted improvement, especially for the dimensions of Reach and individual-level Maintenance. The model may be useful for evaluating the impact of other injury prevention programs.
Feb 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-15-828
E.E Enwereji,Corresponding author
College of Medicine, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
Introduction Working with people who are HIV positive is a herculean task and relevant theories to assist them medically, psychologically, economically, socially and otherwise are necessary. People who are living positively with HIV and AIDS are usually ridiculed, discriminated against, rejected and isolated. Using theories to work with them will help to cushion the negative impacts of HIV and AIDS, especially stigma which has been identified as a major barrier to health care and quality of life in illness management. The fundamental human rights of people living positively with HIV and AIDS should be protected since majority of such rights are usually trampled upon. The review aimed at discussing the potential benefits of using theories to assist people living positively with HIV and AIDS to cope with their various and varying situations in life. Materials and Method: Information for this study was collected by extensive review of recent literature on theories for assisting people living positively with HIV and AIDS. The paper reviews theories that influence long-term behaviour change among people living positively with HIV and AIDS. It assesses the need for using these theories to improve HIV and AIDS intervention in developing countries including Nigeria. In this study, eleven behaviour theories were reviewed. Result It was noted that some of the theories promoted adherence as well as helped to explain the benefits of adherence to HIV and AIDS medication. Also a good number of the theories assisted researchers in designing effective intervention strategies. Conclusion: Further research is needed to determine the effective theories that will increase adherence to long-term treatment regimens of HIV and AIDS. Such theories can be used to alleviate the potential burnout of Caregivers and people living positively with HIV and AIDS who travel long distances for diagnostic procedures and work long hours without adequate remuneration, support and supervision.
Jan 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-15-814
Farhadi MohammadCorresponding author
ENT –Head & Neck surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background and Objective: The etiological factors for nasal polyps include infection, inflammation or an imbalance of a metabolic pathway. This study was designed to compare serum Helicobacter pyloriantibodies and H. pylori–DNAs between cases of nasal polyp and controls (nasal fracture). Patients and Methods: This case control study was carried out in ENT Department of Rasul Hospital in Tehran (2007-2008), upon nasal polyp tissues in 62 cases and inferior nasal turbinate mucosa in 25 controls. H. pylori–DNAs were searched by qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum specific H. pylori antibodies (ELISA IgG and IgA). Comparative tests were performed for the 2 groups, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of cases and controls were 37.5 ± 13.7 and 31 ± 11.5 years, respectively. H. pylori–DNA was found in 32.3% (20/62) of the cases and 4% (1/25) of the controls (P value = 0.005). Serum H. pylori antibody (IgA) was found in 14.5% (9/62) of the cases and 4% (1/25) of the controls (P value = 0.27). However, previous immunity (IgG) was higher in 71% of the cases and 32% of the controls (P = 0.001). Conclusion: H. pylori infection may play a key role in the formation of nasal polyps. We recommend the PCR as the best method of searching for H. pylori infection. However, from the data obtained in this investigation it could not be determined whether or not H. pylori play a pathogenic role. Long-term antibiotics treatment in cases with nasal polyp, especially in cases with severe chronic rhinosinusitis where patients do not respond to surgery or steroids, may be useful. More randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies are necessary to validate the role of H. pylori infection in nasal polyp and the effect of antibiotics for eradication of H. pylori infection.
Dec 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2471-7061.jcrc-15-661
Zoucas EvitaCorresponding author
Colorectal Section, Division of Surgery and Urology, Skane University Healthcare, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
Following multivisceral pelvic resections, the pelvis and perineum are often reconstructed using myocutaneous flaps. Abdominal wall defects after harvesting rectus abdominis flaps can be reinforced with mesh. Primary reconstruction using synthetic mesh was presently evaluated. Fifty-eight patients who underwent multivisceral pelvic resection and perineal reconstruction with a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap, January 2004 to February 2014, were retrospectively reviewed. The abdominal wall was reinforced in 26. Demographics, treatment procedures, surgical procedures, length of hospital and ICU stay, early and late morbidity at the recipient and donor sites were recorded. Patients with mesh reinforcement were significantly younger than those without. There were no further significant differences in patient demographics or treatment procedures between the two groups. In 31% of the patients with mesh, surgery was performed on two consecutive days, although total operating time did not differ significantly. Patients without mesh bled more. Surgery was associated with considerable morbidity, without significant differences in overall complication rate between the two groups. At the recipient site, wound infection/dehiscence was the most common early complication. The group with mesh had higher rate of total flap necrosis necessitating re-operation. At the donor site, wound infection /dehiscence, hernia, or bulge were recorded. Patients with mesh had lower rates of donor site morbidity. Perineal reconstruction with VRAM flap and primary abdominal wall reinforcement with mesh is feasible after multivisceral resection. Our study indicates that primary use of mesh can be applied in potentially contaminated surgical fields in oncologic patients without increasing morbidity and with improved long-term cosmetic results.
Jun 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-14-479
Erdmann JohannesCorresponding author
Department of Nutritional Medicine, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Weidenbach, Germany
Objective: Detailed reports in changes of eating habits especially in elderly subjects with successful weight loss and maintenance are virtually unknown. In this paper we have analyzed the eating habits of 104 obese patients (BMI 37.8±0.3 kg/m2, age range 65 and 84 years) who lost 11.5±0.3kg over an average follow-up period of 37.5±0.5 months. Design: Patients recorded food intake over a period of 12 days before and 12 days after changes of eating habits. Dietary counseling was based on food energy density (ED) with the aim to maintain food quantity as much as possible for adequate satiety in conjunction with a reduction of energy intake. Individual eating habits should be preserved as much as possible. Results: Average daily energy intake of solid food was reduced by 267kcal, food intake by 114g and ED by 0.10 kcal/g, respectively. Liquid calories were reduced by 79 kcal/d. Lower daily energy intake was the result of a reduction of medium and high ED food items compensated for by a greater intake of low ED food items. Changes of macronutrients comprised substantially lower carbohydrate and fat intake with minimal reduction of protein. From 28 different food groups 9 were reduced significantly (bread, butter, marmalade, cheese, meat products, fast food, fruit and chocolate) while 3 were increased (eggs, curds, ham). The relative contributions of the various food groups to daily energy intake remained fairly similar indicating that individual preferences were largely maintained. Conclusion: The data demonstrates that in elderly subjects with severe obesity an individual change of eating habits can lead to successful long-term weight loss with improvement of carbohydrate metabolism. This will contribute to increased mobility and to improved quality of life. This method which is based on the energy density of food items is a simple measure to reduce energy intake while ensuring long-term adherence.
Jun 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2576-182X.jbsc-14-576
Gupta TejpalCorresponding author
Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH) and Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Parel, Mumbai: 400 012, INDIA
Multi-modality therapy has led to significant improvement in outcomes for childhood medulloblastoma; however, long-term survivors have become more susceptible to late effects of therapy including induction of second malignant neoplasms and even remain at an increased risk of late relapses including extra-neuraxial metastases. A newly detected solitary lytic/sclerotic osseous lesion in a medulloblastoma survivor away from the radiation field poses considerable diagnostic challenge as it could represent either a second malignant neoplasm or extra-neuraxial metastasis. We report one such case highlighting the importance of contemporary pathology techniques as useful adjuncts to differentiate a second primary osseous Ewing’s sarcoma (ES)/primitive neuro-ectodermal tumor (PNET) from bony metastasis and review the pertinent literature on second malignant neoplasms and extra-neuraxial metastases in medulloblastoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a molecularly confirmed second primary osseous ES/PNET in a survivor of childhood medulloblastoma.
May 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4496.jtc-13-347
Emilio MevioCorresponding author
Primary thyroid leiomyosarcoma, is extremely rare, with only 19 cases reported in the literature to date. Onset of the tumor, which usually develops in only one lobe of the thyroid, is sudden and the tumor spreads rapidly to surrounding tissues. Preoperative differential diagnosis is extremely difficult. The long-term prognosis for the patient is extremely poor and unrelated to treatment. Indeed, thyroidectomy and neck dissection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy have not been shown to affect rate of recurrence and long-term survival. The authors describe the case of a patient with leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland and review the relevant literature, considering the differential diagnoses and alternative treatment strategies.
Jan 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-13-372
Enrico BalleariCorresponding author
Hydroxyurea (HU) is commonly used for the long-term treatment of patients with chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms. The drug is usually well tolerated in the large majority of subjects, although systemic and/or localized toxicities have seldom been reported. Here we report a case of unusual cutaneous toxicity due long-term use of HU in a patient with polycythemia vera.