Cardiomyopathy is a group of diseases of the heart muscle in which the myocardium becomes structurally and functionally abnormal, impairing the heart's ability to fill or pump effectively. The principal phenotypes are dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, and arrhythmogenic forms, with causes spanning genetic mutation…
Cardiomyopathy is a group of diseases of the heart muscle in which the myocardium becomes structurally and functionally abnormal, impairing the heart's ability to fill or pump effectively. The principal phenotypes are dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, and arrhythmogenic forms, with causes spanning genetic mutation, infection, toxic and metabolic insults, infiltrative processes, and autoimmune disease. Presentation ranges from arrhythmia and heart failure to sudden cardiac death, and accurate characterisation through clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic assessment guides management. The studies collected here illustrate this diversity. Hypertrophic and non-compaction phenotypes are described in case reports, including apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with coronary fistulas and left ventricular non-compaction associated with a developmental syndrome and pre-excitation. Acquired myocardial injury features in work on rapid myocardial calcification following severe sepsis. The broader heart-failure context appears in studies of heart failure in family practice and of cardiorenal signalling pathways. Preclinical and mechanistic dimensions are represented by in vitro models of cardiac function and cardiotoxicity testing using cardiomyocyte cell lines. Comparative cardiac assessment in coronary disease and reduced physical activity in patients with thalassaemia extend the clinical picture. Together this literature frames cardiomyopathy as a mechanistically heterogeneous disorder of heart muscle in which precise diagnosis and an understanding of underlying cause shape prognosis and treatment.
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