The results obtained from the isolation of potential pathogenic bacteria that are associated with domestic dog stool, revealed the presence of gram-negative rod bacteria, gram-positive rod bacteria and gram-positive cocci. There was no gram-negative cocci bacterium isolated.

(Table 1), below showed the different percentage of the age, sex, education, marital status and employment status of pet owners. It revealed that 25-34 years of age had the highest percentage (60.0%) of the age bracket of people that owned domestic dogs. For gender, females were highest pet owners (72.0%). The table also showed that 80% of the pet owners have acquired tertiary education, even as 82.0% are married. Most the pet owners are fully employed (18.0%) according to the result obtained from the study. However, the highest percentages of pet owners were observed among students (48.0%), seconded by the self-employed (20.0%) while the least occurred among the retired (2.0%) set of the studied population.

The bar chart (Figure 2) below showed the percentage of different species of the pets with English dog having the highest percentage (30%), and Doberman, Boerboel, Dazy, Borsel and Maltese having the lowest percentage (2%) respectively. It also showed the sex of different pet (female 58.0% being highest). It showed that most of the pets are within the age of 1-2 years and they visited the veterinary doctor mostly once in a month. The table also showed that most of the pets are vaccinated once in a month (62.0%) and 35.0% of the pets are fed with homemade meal, while 76.0% of the pets were bathed once a week, 88.0% visited the veterinary clinic for ill-health resolution, 74.0% of the pets are being pecked by their owners, 82.0% are being caressed, 72.0% the pets are not allowed into the house while 98.0% of the pets are not allowed to eat in the same plate with the owners.

(Table 2) showed the overall prevalence of isolates from the different pets with Proteus spp. having the highest prevalence (28.0%), followed by Escherichia coli (20.0%), Klebsiella spp. (16.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.0%), Other unidentified spp. (10.0%), while Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Streptococcus spp having the lowest prevalence of 4.0%.

(Table 3) showed the relationship between isolates with socio-demographic data of pet owner and pet biodata. From the analysis, correlation coefficient values of .269 and .124 were obtained for age of pet owner and gender of pet owner respectively. It showed a direct correlation but by implication, a very weak, non-significant (p<0.05) relationship exist between the organisms isolated and the variables (Age of Pet Owner and Gender of Pet Owner). However, no relationship exists between isolates and visit to Vet.Dr (r=-.0.38; p>0.05). Furthermore, negative non-significant correlation (p>0.05) was observed for Marital Status of Pet Owner (r=-.158), Employment Status of Pet Owner (r=-.277), Pet Type (r=-.111) and Age of Pet (r=-.023) and isolate. See Table 3 for details.

(Table 4) illustrates the association between isolates and some risk factors using the correlation analysis. The study revealed an indication of an indirect but moderate association between isolates and Caressing (r=-.347, p=0.01). However, other risk factors like Vaccination (r=.042), Feeding Pattern(r=.125), Pet Bathing (r=.220), Resolution of ill health (r=-.154), Pecking of Pet (r=), Pets allowed into house (r=.090) and Eat with pet in same plate (r=.146), did not prove statistical significance (p>0.05). Others are seen in Table 4.

Increasingly, the scattering of the dog faecal droppings in the remote and urban community settings, may represent an important source of potential microbial pathogenic contaminants for both the dog owners and the community environmental space at large. The study, however, revealed that most of the pet owners are within the age bracket of 25-34 years. These tend to disagree with the work of Martins et al.,19, who reported that most pet's owners are within the age bracket of 18-24 years. Nonetheless, the variation in age here may be due to the fact that most of the pet owners are students, and in this present studied location, most students fall within the age (25-34 years) which is quite different from Western countries where people go to school very early and also finished in good time, since the industrial strike of academic and non-academic staff hardly affect the smooth running of an academic sessions, unlike in Nigeria where frequent industrial strikes will always delay students from finishing in good time. Also, the study revealed that most pet owners are females (58.0%). This agreed with the work carried out by Kristen & Chang 20, who reported that most of the pet owners are females (52%). This similarity may probably be linked to the fact that females mostly need company than males which encourages them to keep pets around them, probably for protection, than their male counterpart who can always protect themselves during external aggression or threat. Nevertheless, most of the pet owners are students in tertiary institutions or have just finished, this is similar with the work done by Bassette & Taber-Doughty 21, who also reported that most pet owners are college students. Nonetheless, this may perhaps be linked to the evidence-based perception that strongly suggests that people in this category increasingly suffer from emotional burden, stress and anxiety and therefore, most times needs these pets to play with, so as to ease stress and tension of life especially, academic and social burden alike. Also, the research revealed that most pet owners are married couples, and this is in agreement with the study carried out by Glyn & June 22. This is probably because most of these couples sometimes keep these pets for security reasons aside from companion purposes. Furthermore, from our study, it was revealed that when it comes to employment status, most of the pet owners are students. This is in consonance with the work done by Lynette & Mariko 23. This is probably because people that are fully employed are busy working with the multinational companies or as civil servants who are fully employed in functional ministries, hence they may not have much time to spend with their pets, due to the nature of their jobs on a daily basis and therefore, will literally feel tired when they got home, unlike the students that are a little bit flexible in management of their time. They stroll down the streets and drive around the city with their dog pets in the evening hours as a source of fun and show off that they got a beautiful pet to count on.

This research also revealed that most dogs found in the area of study are English bulldog; this is in disagreement with the research carried out by Stephen 24, who showed that Labrador Retriever was the most prevalent in their study. However, this discrepancy could be as a result of the difference in geographical regions, climate conditions and sample size which enhances the prevalence of a particular dog species. Also, it was also found out that most of the pet dogs in the studied locations are not being vaccinated frequently. This does not agree with the work done by Horzinek et al., 25, who strongly suggested that pet dogs should be vaccinated frequently, possibly3-4 times a year so as to keep them healthy and free from contaminating the environment through their random and uncontrollable dropping of their faecal matter in the soil surfaces. Nonetheless, the difference in the low level of vaccination engagement among pet dogs in the studied locations, could be as a result of lack of knowledge, poverty or lack of veterinary trained experts and robust animal clinics in the region to carter for the health of the animals.

The study revealed the presence of Bacillus spp. 4.0%, Escherichia coli20.0%, Klebsiella spp. 16.0%, Proteus spp. 28.0%, Pseudomonas spp. 4.0%, Staphylococcus aureus 14.0%, other unidentified Staphylococcus species10.0% and Streptococcus species 4.0%. This is similar to the work done by Marks et al.,6, who recovered Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli from dog faecal matter, although there were a little variation in prevalence pattern of the bacteria species which could be as a result of the difference in geographical regions, detection methods used, sample size or probably because of the way the pet dogs are being treated because during the course of our studies, it was found that about 56% of the pet dogs only visit the veterinary clinic once in a month and 62% of them only get vaccinated once in a year as the case may be. This could also contribute to the variation seen in Marks et al., 6 study. Furthermore, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Campylobacter spp. has been reported to be most common pathogens associated with dog stool 26, although Salmonella spp. is easily and often recovered from dogs that eat rotten contaminated meats, even though it was not isolated from the present study. However, notwithstanding, this study is also in consonance with the research carried out by Julia et al.,27, on the ecological characterization of the colonic microbiota of normal and diarrheic dogs, however, there was a discrepancy on the type of pathogens isolated (Streptococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, BifidobacteriaRuminococcus spp. andPrevotella) respectively which could probably be as a result of methods of sample analysis employed. This is because molecular technique (Quantitative real-time PCR) was used which is strongly known to be very sensitive and discrete in identification and characterization of specific pathogens, unlike normal conventional methods explored in this present work, thus these also highlight the importance of improvement in the method of diagnostics approach in this part of the world in order to enhance specificity and sensitivity of pathogen recovery.

Furthermore, in another development Mirjamet in their study 28, also gave a good account of the prevalence of major pathogen found in dog stool (faecal matter), Salmonella spp. (0.6%), Campylobacter spp. (39.9%), and Bacillus spp(40%). These undoubtedly also looked similar to this present study, but the difference is somewhat an increase in prevalence pattern, which could be associated with the evidence-based facts of the molecular application approach employed by Mirjam et al.,28 which was more sensitive and very specific in nature to identify pathogens in stool samples in their numbers within a given shortest possible time.

Nonetheless, from our study, it was revealed that Proteus spp. was the most prevalent enteropathogen in dog faecal matter, followed by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. These strongly disagreed with the study of Edward 29, who reported that the most prevalent enteropathogen in dog faecal matter was Salmonella spp., followed by Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli respectively. These outstanding variations may probably be due to feeding pattern of the pet dogs, treatment pattern, and the environmental conditions of the pets found here, and there with coherent sharp variation in treatment and maintenance outcome, even as the environmental sanitation practice and culture remains very critical factor of consideration, which also varies between developed countries and underdeveloped communities

Interestingly, the mean correlation of isolates with risk factors show that those that pecked their pets, caressed them, allowed them to enter the living room and eat in the same plate with the pets are at high risk of getting infections. Results from the study also highlighted that most of the pets are hardly vaccinated or rarely taken to the veterinary clinic for regular checkups. This is in accordance with risk factors associated with pet dogs as reported by Ghasemzadeh & Namazi, 30. Furthermore, it is of very critical, to state without bias that almost if not all the pathogens isolated in this present study are of clinical importance towards promoting different array of disease in man and his animal husbandry. Thus, the importance of this organisms has been linked to urinary tract infection, wound infection, septicaemia and most importantly, is the systemic involvement of the pathogens in the promotion of the spread of nosocomial infection in our health facilities across the globe, thus the fear of the transfer of the drug resistance and multidrug resistance gens from the dogs to humans becomes very eminent due to the close direct contact of the dogs and their owner , thus such practice of closeness should be watched very closely and in good time too.

Sadly, the trend of drug resistance pathogens isolated from ventinary industries are becoming a growing public health challenge across the world, nevertheless, it will be recalled that antibiotics gets into the animal systems through the metaphylactic use, which involves the application of antibiotics for infection control and for therapeutic use and for prophylactic use that involves it s application for disease prevention and lastly through the use of antibiotic drugs as a growth promoter or enhancer which literally involves the application of drug enhancing antibiotics for the enlargement in size and improvement of yield of the products. The interaction of these drugs introduced into the animals to improve their health status, turned to be dangerous in a long run as they tend to change the molecular structures of the compounds used in formulating the drugs, thereby bringing about a huge tolerance of the drugs by the pathogens that inhabit the systems of the animal.

Consequently, the exposure of such organism with the routine antibiotics in our health facilities would certainly meet resistance of different degrees in real live approach, thus increasing the crises of multidrug resistance problems across the globe.

Therefore, it is very important that these domestic pets be treated and vaccinated regularly, and also, pets and humans should not be allowed to eat in the same plate or sleep on the bed as these may serve as a major source of transmitting zoonotic infections to man.